Overzicht van de ingredienten en een greep uit de achterliggende literatuur betreffende de werkzaamheid van AZARIS
Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is a well known herb which has been used for thousands of years for various healing purposes including cardiovascular disorders, skin diseases, infections, etc. [1].
The most important active ingredient is alliin, which, upon enzyme allinase-catalyzed decomposition, gives allicin (diallylthiosulfinate). The latter is responsible for both characteristic flavour as well as for variety of biologically valuable effects of Garlic [2,3]. Allicin further undergoes degradation to other active nutrients of Garlic: diallyltrisulfide, diallyldisulfide, diallyldisulfide, diallyltetrasulfide, and ajoene. All these compounds are smoothly metabolized yielding allylmethylsulfide (which can be smelled in the breath).
The most important biological effect of Garlic is its cardioprotective action which includes:
(i) antioxidant activity (prevention of diseases of whole cardiovascular system);
(ii) increasing of plasma anticoagulant; and
(iii) antihyperlipidemic action.
Garlic's antioxidant activity is important as prevention of several diseases of cardiovascular system which occur due to permanent oxidative stress. In addition to prevention of oxidative stress, Garlic extract acts as valuable agent for treatment of hyperlipidemia. The latter condition is the major risk factor of atherosclerosis. Thus by lowering of lipides level together with increase in plasma anticoagulant as well as with accompanied antioxidant activity, Garlic extract significantly decreases the morbidity and mortality from this disease [2,3].
Garlic extract at dosages of recommended servings of AZARIS is completely safe for oral use [1-3].
Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) seed extract is a reach source of strong antioxidants (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin, and their oligomers called procyanidins (e.g. procyanidin C) [4]. Partially these substances are esterified with gallic acid yielding correcponding gallate esters.
Grape seed extract possesses a wide variety of useful therapeutic effects including [4]:
(i) cardioprotective (because of lipid-lowering and hypotensive actions);
(ii) hepatoprotective;
(iii) anti-inflammatory; as well as
(iv) skin and wound-healing actions.
Regarding the potential toxicological actions of Grape seed extract, it has the GRAS (Generally Recognized As Safe) status in the USA. No evidence of any acute toxicological effects at dosages up to 2 and 4 g / kg of body weight was found [4]. Also long term toxicological studies showed that it is safe for oral use [4].
Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) or its extracts have been employed for treatment of hyperlipidemia, anxiety, inflammations, infections, etc. [5]. The most profound action of Coriander is hypolipidemic [6,7]. It is widely used for natural course of hyperlipidemia treatment, either as spice herb or in the form of extract in various food supplement products.
Coriander extract at dosages of recommended servings of AZARIS is completely safe for oral use [5].
Resveratrol (1) or 3,5-dihydroxy-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethenyl]benzene (3,5,4'-trihydroxy-stilbene) is a naturally occuring polyphenol with the most prominent antioxidant effect.
Resveratrol acts as efficacious cardio- [8-11], neuro-protective [12,13], and as potential life-extension agent [14].
It reduces infarct size and improves ventricular function after myocardial ischemia [8-11], supresses atherogenic lesion formation, and cholesterol synthesis [10].
Neuroprotective effect of resveratrol takes place by free-radical scavenging, modulating of mitochondrial dysfunction and associated cell death during cerebral ischemia [12,13].
Also consumption of resveratrol leads to caloric restriction condition which can result in slowering of ageing process [14].
Literature data suggest that dosages of resveratrol contained in recommended servings of AZARIS is safe for oral use [8-14].
Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) is a well known traditional used spice and healing herb [15]. Modern studies showed that saffron and its extract are effective antidiabetic [16], cardioprotective [17], as well as antioxidant and possible cancer-protective agent [18].
Saffron extract at dosages of recommended servings of AZARIS is completely safe for oral use [15-18].
Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) has been used for a thousands of years as culture plant as well as for healing purposes [19]. It exhibits strong immune modulation activity due to the content of β-glucans [20,21].
Barley extract at dosages of recommended servings of AZARIS is completely safe for oral use [19-21].
Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is used as edible plant since ancient times [22]. Its fruit and its juice is delicious. The pomegranate juice contains active ingredients possessing angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition activity, and thus blood-pressure reducing activity [23]. Also this juice protects against development of atherosclerosis [24], and possesses even stronger antioxidant effect than ordinarily apple juice [25].
Pomegranate extract at dosages of recommended servings of AZARIS is completely safe for oral use [22-25].
Olive (Olea europea L.) three leaves contain several active substances such as oleuropein, hydroxytyrosol, etc, employed for healing properties for centauries [26]. Olive three leaf extract is effective antimicrobial [27], antioxidant, and lipid-lowering agent [28].
Olive extract at dosages of recommended servings of AZARIS is safe for oral use [26-28].
Cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum L.) is widely used spice herb mainly in the form of a bark. Hydrophylic extract of cinnamon bark contains several polyphenols and polyhydroxyterpenoids. Among them, polyhydroxyterpenoid cinnzeylanine exhibits antiviral action [29], whereas cinnamon polyphenols act as immune modulating agents [30].Cinnamon extract at dosages of recommended servings of AZARIS is completely safe for oral use [29,30].
In conclusion, AZARIS food supplement is effective synergistic formulation in the purpose of improvement of general state of organism and safe for oral use at recommended dosage.
Literature
Notice: Copies of all cited scientific papers are given as supplement documents (see Section 8. 2.).
1. J. A. Duke, P.-A. K. Duke, J. L. duCellier: Garlic (Allium sativum L.), Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of the Bible, Taylor & Francis (2008) 23-30.
2. J. A. Milner: Garlic (Allium sativum), Encyclopedia of Dietary Supplements (2005) 229-236.
3. S. Gorinstein, Z. Jastrzebski, J. Namiesnik, Hanna Leontowicz, M. Leontowicz, S. Trakhtenberg: The atherosclerotic heart disease and protecting properties of garlic: contemporary data, Mol. Nutr. Food Res. 51 (2007) 1365-1381.
4. D. L. Clouatre, C. Kandaswami: Grape Seed Extract, Encyclopedia of Dietary Supplements (2005) 309-325.
5. J. A. Duke, P.-A. K. Duke, J. L. duCellier: Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.), Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of the Bible () 138-143.
6. P. Dhanapakiam, J. M. Joseph, V. K. Ramaswamy, M. Moorthi, A. S. Kumar: The cholesterol lowering property of coriander seeds (Coriandrum sativum): mechanism of action, J. Environ. Biol. 29 (2008) 53-56.
7. V. Chithra, S. Leelamma: Hypolipidemic effect of coriander seeds (Coriandrum sativum): mechanism of action, Plant Foods Human Nutr. 51 (1997) 167-172.
8. J. F. Lin, S. M. Lin, C. L. Chih, M. W. Nien, H. H. Su, B. R. Hu, S. S. Huang, S. K. Tsai: Resveratrol reduces infarct size and improves ventricular function after myocardial ischemia in rats, Life Sci. 83 (2008) 313-317.
9. A. Y. Chan, V. W. Dolinsky, C. L. Soltys, B. Viollet, S. Baksh, P. E. Light, J. R. Dyck: Resveratrol inhibits cardiac hypertrophy via AMP-activated protein kinase and Akt, J. Biol. Chem. 29 (2008) 24194-24201.
10. G. M. Do, E. Y. Kwon, H. J. Kim, S. M. Jeon, T. Y. Ha, T. Park, M. S. Choi: Long-term effects of resveratrol supplementation on suppression of atherogenic lesion formation and cholesterol synthesis in apo E-deficient mice, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 374 (2008) 55-59.
11. J.-T. Hwang, D. Y. Kwon, O. J. Park, M. S. Kim: Resveratrol protects ROS-induced cell death by activating AMPK in H9c2 cardiac muscle cells, Gene Nutr. (2008) 323-326.
12. S. Yousuf, F. Atif, M. Ahmad, N. Hoda, T. Ishrat, B. Khan, F. Islam: Resveratrol exerts its neuroprotective effect by modulating mitochondrial dysfunction and associated cell death during cerebral ischemia, Brain Res. 1250 (2009) 242-253.
13. K.-T. Lu, M.-C. Ko, B.-Y. Chen, J.-C. Huang, C.-W. Hsieh, M.-C. Lee, R. Y. Y. Chiou, B.-S. Wung, C.-H. Peng, Y. L. Yang: Neuroprotective Effects of Resveratrol on MPTP-Induced Neuron Loss Mediated by Free Radical Scavenging, J. Agric. Food Chem. 56 (2008) 6910-6913.
14. J. L. Barger, T. Kayo, T. D. Pugh, T. A. Prolla, R. Weindruch: Short-term consumption of a resveratrol-containing nutraceutical mixture mimics gene expression of long-term caloric restriction in mouse heart, Exp. Gerontol. 43 (2008) 859-866.
15. J. A. Duke, P.-A. K. Duke, J. L. duCellier: Saffron (Crocus sativus L.), Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of the Bible, Taylor & Francis (2008) 143-148.
16. L. Sheng, Z. Qian, Y. Shi, L. Yang, L. Xi, B. Zhao, X. Xu, H. Ji: Crocetin improves the insulin resistance induced by high-fat diet in rats, Brit. J. Pharmacol. 154 (2008) 1016-1024.
17. X.-C. Shen, Y. Lu, Z.-Y. Qian: Effects of crocetin on the matrix metalloproteinases in cardiac hypertrophy induced by norepinephrine in rats, J. Asian Nat. Prod. Res. 8 (2006) 201-208.
18. M. Venkatraman, D. Konga, R. Peramaiyan, E. Ganapathy, S. Dhanapal: Reduction of Mitochondrial Oxidative Damage and Improved Mitochondrial Efficiency by Administration of Crocetin against Benzo[a]pyrene Induced Experimental Animals, Biol. Pharm. Bull. 31 (2008) 1639-1645.
19. J. A. Duke, P.-A. K. Duke, J. L. duCellier: Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of the Bible, Taylor & Francis (2008) 205-209.
20. J. J. Volman, J. D. Ramakers, J. Plat: Dietary modulation of immune system function by β-glucans, Physiol. & Behavior 94 (2008) 276-284.
21. O. Kanauchi, T. Oshima, A. Andoh, M. Shioya, K. Mitsuyama: Germinated barley foodstuff ameliorates inflammation in mice with colitis through modulation of mucosal immune system, Scand. J. Gastroenterol. 43 (2008) 1346-1352.
22. J. A. Duke, P.-A. K. Duke, J. L. duCellier: Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.), Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of the Bible, Taylor & Francis (2008) 362-367.
23. M. Aviram, L. Dornfeld: Pomegranate juice consumption inhibits serum angiotensin converting enzyme activity and reduces systolic blood pressure, Atherosclerosis 158 (2001) 195-198.
24. M. Aviram, L. Dornfeld, M. Rosenblat, N. Volkova, M. Kaplan, R. Coleman, T. Hayek, D. Presser, B. Fuhrman: Pomegranate juice consumption reduces oxidative stress, atherogenic modifications to LDL, and platelet aggregation: studies in humans and in atherosclerotic apolipoprotein E-deficient mice, Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 71 (2000) 1062-1076.
25. C. Guo, J. Wei, J. Yang, J. Xu, W. Pang, Y. Jiang: Pomegranate juice is potentially better than apple juice in improving antioxidant function in elderly subjects, Nutr. Res. 28 (2008) 72-77.
26. J. A. Duke, P.-A. K. Duke, J. L. duCellier: Olive (Olea europea L.), Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of the Bible, Taylor & Francis (2008) 306-309.
27. A. N. Sudjana, C. D'Orazio, V. Ryan, N. Rasool, J. Ng, N. Islam, T. V. Riley, K. A. Hammer: Antimicrobial activity of commercial Olea europea (olive) leaf extract, Int. J. Antimicrobial Agents (2009).
28. H. Jemai, I. Fki, M. Bouziz, Z. Bouallagui, A. El Feki, H. Isoda, S. Sayadi: Lipid-Lowering and Antioxidant Effects of Hydroxytyrosol and Its Triacetylated Derivative Recovered from Olive Tree Leaves in Cholesterol-Fed Rats, J. Agric. Food. Chem. 56 (2008) 2630-2636.
29. Y. Orihara, H. Hamamoto, H. Kasuga, T. Shimada, Y. Kawaguchi, K. Sekimizu: A silkworm-baculovirus model for assessing the therapeutic effects of antiviral compounds: characterization and application to the isolation of antivirals from traditional medicines, J. Gen. Virol. 89 (2008) 188-194.
30. H. Cao, J. F. Urban, R. A. Anderson: Cinnamon Polyphenol Extract Affects Immune Responses by Regulating Anti- and Proinflammatory and Glucose Transporter Gene Expression in Mouse Macrophages, J. Nutr. (2008) 833-840.
